Restriction of activity, sometimes called “bed rest” or “modified bed rest,” is sometimes suggested for several potential pregnancy complications. These complications include, but are not limited to, preterm (before 37 weeks’ gestation) contractions, a dilated cervix from preterm labor, a short cervix, preterm premature rupture of membranes (when the bag of water ruptures before 37 weeks’ gestation and before the onset of labor), elevated blood pressure, preeclampsia (a pregnancy-specific disorder in which women develop elevated blood pressure and protein in the urine), inadequate growth of the baby, placenta previa (a placenta that covers the opening of the cervix), risk of miscarriage, and multiple gestations (for example, twin pregnancies).

The terms “bed rest” and “activity restriction” are often used interchangeably but can largely differ in meaning. Most women admitted to the hospital for complications of pregnancy are subjected to some degree of “bed rest,” with the ability to use the bathroom and bathe. For women at home, “bed rest” or “activity restriction” can have different meanings and different degrees of limitations.